Countries Which Will Not Automatically Exchange Account Information

8 January 2015, updated 6 November 2017

On 29 October 2014, 51 jurisdictions (countries and territories) signed a multilateral agreement to automatically exchange information on financial accounts for tax purposes. During the following two years 36 jurisdictions have joined the convention. This is the first ever agreement to exchange this type of information automatically. By the end of 2018, when more jurisdictions join the convention, 102 jurisdictions will exchange the information on financial accounts.

Hence, there still will be more than 100 jurisdictions which will not exchange the information automatically. However, the absence of the automatic information exchange between these jurisdictions does not mean, that there can be no information exchange at all: these jurisdictions can still conduct the exchange in other ways: either on request or spontaneously.

Although almost all European countries and offshore financial centers will participate in the information exchange, there are still several European countries and offshore financial centers which will not exchange the information automatically. Moreover, while singing the Convention itself means only commitment of a signing jurisdiction to provide administrative assistance to other signed jurisdictions in tax matters, the automatic exchange is going to be based on bilateral agreements and the EU framework. As of November 2017, out of 102 jurisdictions, 32 jurisdictions don't have bilateral agreements with other jurisdictions to either send or to receive the information, and 12 jurisdictions more don't have such agreements to send the information.

Automatic Information Exchange in Brief

The main principles of the information exchange can be summarized as follows:

The information will be exchanged annually according to the global reporting standard.
The information will be exchanged only between the jurisdictions for which the convention of the information exchange is in force and in effect.
The information will not be automatically exchanged with jurisdictions which didn't sign the convention.
Not only banks but also other financial insitutions (for example, brokers and insurance companies) will be reporting the information.
The information will be reported not only on the financial accounts held be individuals, but also on those held by legal entities.
For each of reportable financial accounts, personal details of the account holder, details of the financial institution, account identification details and selected financial information will be reported.

The information exchange is covered in more details in Automatic Exchange of Information on Financial Accounts

Other Ways to Exchange Information

Apart from the automatic exchange, the information may be exchanged in other ways:

On Request. Exchange of information on request describes a situation when a competent authority of one jurisdiction asks for particular information from a competent authority of another jurisdiction. The information request should relate to a specific tax investigation, either criminal or civil. This type of exchange is conducted according to Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs). The list of TIEAs for each of the European countries is available at Country Profiles.
Spontaneously. Spontaneous exchange of information is the provision of information to a competent authority of one jurisdiction that is forseeably relevant to a competent authority of another jurisdiction and that has not been previously requested.

No Automatic Information Exchange With Jurisdictions Which Didn't Sign The Convention

The financial accounts information will be exchanged only between the countries and the territories for which the convention is in force and in effect. Hence, if a jurisdiction don't sign the convention, this jurisdiction will neither automatically report the account information, nor automatically receive the account information from the jurisdictions which signed the convention.

Consider the following cases:

Both Jurisdiction A and Jurisdiction B signed the convention.
These jurisdictions will exchange the information. The Jurisdiction A will report to the Jurisdiction B, the Jurisdiction B will report to the Jurisdiction A.
Jurisdiction C signed the convention, Jurisdiction D didn't sign the convention.
There will be no information exchange between the Jurisdiction C and Jurisdiction D. The Jurisdiction C will not report to the Jurisdiction D, and the Jurisdiction C will not report to the Jurisdiction D.

In the case 2 from the list above, there will be no information exchange between the jurisdictions. To illustrate this case, consider an example:

Serbia won't exchange the information, while the United Kingdom will. This means that:

If a tax resident of the United Kingdom has an account in Serbia, his/her account will not be reported to British authorities by the authorities of Serbia.
If a tax resident of Serbia has an account in the United Kingdom, his/her account will not be reported to Serbian authorities by the authorities of the United Kingdom.

It should be noted that absence of the automatic information exchange between a pair of jurisdictions does not mean that there will be no information exchange at all. The information may be exchanged either on request or spontaneously.

European Countries Which Will Not Automatically Exchange Information

Although a lot of European countries made a commitment to start the automatic exchange of information, there are several countries will not exchange the information automatically:

Armenia
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Georgia
Holy See (Vatican City State)
Kazakhstan
Macedonia
Moldova
Montenegro
Serbia
Ukraine

Offshore Financial Centers Which Will Not Automatically Exchange Information

Although the term offshore financial centre is not precisely defined, it usually means a small, low-tax jurisdiction specializing in providing financial services to non-resident legal entities and individuals. Because there is no generally accepted definition of the term, lists of jurisdictions considered as offshore financial centers vary from source to source.

The table below summarizes participation of offshore financial centers as defined by International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the automatic information exchange:

Country	Participates In Exchange	Exchange Start Date	Bilateral Agreements
Andorra	Yes	September 2018	29 send / 29 receive
Anguilla	Yes	September 2017	0 send / 38 receive
Aruba	Yes	September 2018	0 send / 0 receive
Bahamas	Yes	September 2018	0 send / 0 receive
Belize	Yes	September 2018	0 send / 45 receive
Bermuda	Yes	September 2017	0 send / 49 receive
British Virgin Islands	Yes	September 2017	0 send / 48 receive
Cayman Islands	Yes	September 2017	0 send / 49 receive
Cook Islands	Yes	September 2018	0 send / 0 receive
Curacao	Yes	September 2018	0 send / 0 receive
Cyprus	Yes	September 2017	57 send / 57 receive
Gibraltar	Yes	September 2017	55 send / 55 receive
Guernsey	Yes	September 2017	51 send / 51 receive
Isle of Man	Yes	September 2017	50 send / 50 receive
Jersey	Yes	September 2017	51 send / 51 receive
Liechtenstein	Yes	September 2017	51 send / 51 receive
Macau	Yes	September 2018	0 send / 0 receive
Malaysia	Yes	September 2018	47 send / 47 receive
Monaco	Yes	September 2018	46 send / 46 receive
Montserrat	Yes	September 2017	0 send / 44 receive
Palau	No		0 send / 0 receive
Panama	Yes	September 2018	0 send / 0 receive
Samoa	Yes	September 2018	0 send / 44 receive
Seychelles	Yes	September 2017	40 send / 40 receive
Turks and Caicos Islands	Yes	September 2017	0 send / 46 receive
Vanuatu	Yes	September 2018	0 send / 0 receive

No Bilateral Argeements to Either Send or Receive Information

The following countries and territories have no bilateral agreements with others to either send or receive the information automatically:

Antigua and Barbuda

Aruba

Azerbaijan

Bahamas

Bahrain

Barbados

Brunei Darussalam

Chile

Cook Islands

Curacao

Dominica

Ghana

Grenada

Hong Kong

Israel

Kuwait

Lebanon

Macau

Marshall Islands

Nauru

Niue

Pakistan

Panama

Qatar

Russian Federation

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saudi Arabia

Sint Maarten (Dutch part)

Trinidad and Tobago

Turkey

United Arab Emirates

Vanuatu

No Bilateral Agreements to Send Information

The following countries and territories have no bilateral agreements with others send the information automatically:

Anguilla

Belize

Bermuda

British Virgin Islands

Cayman Islands

Costa Rica

Indonesia

Montserrat

Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and The Grenadines

Samoa

Turks and Caicos Islands

Full List of Jurisdictions Which Will Not Automatically Exchange Information

The list below shows the jurisdictions which will not automatically exchange information. The United States undertakes automatic information exchanges according to from 2015 and has entered into intergovernmental agreements (IGAs) with other jurisdictions to do so. The Model 1A IGAs entered into by the United States acknowledge the need for the United States to achieve equivalent levels of reciprocal automatic information exchange with partner jurisdictions.

Afghanistan